Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973, aiming to modernize India's criminal justice administration.
The BNSS Framework
BNSS consists of 531 sections and emphasizes speed, efficiency, and the integration of technology. It introduces significant reforms in how FIRs are registered, evidence is collected, and trials are conducted, making the process more citizen-centric and technologically advanced.
Key Modernizations
Digital & Electronic Records
Full legal recognition for digital records, including summons through electronic means and video recording of search and seizure.
Statutory Zero FIR
Citizens can now register an FIR at any police station, regardless of jurisdiction. The station must transfer it to the relevant jurisdiction within 24 hours.
Time-bound Processes
Investigation Timelines
Police must submit the investigation report within 90 days, with potential extensions only by court order.
Judgment Deadlines
Courts must deliver judgments within 30 days of completing arguments (extendable up to 45 days).
Framing of Charges
Charges must be framed within 60 days from the first date of hearing on charge.
Video Conferencing
The BNSS mandates the use of audio-video means for various purposes, including recording statements of victims in sexual offence cases and conducting trials where producing the accused is not feasible or necessary.
Transition Note
Proceedings initiated under CrPC before July 1, 2024, will continue under the old law unless specifically transitioned. All new FIRs and proceedings from July 1, 2024, follow BNSS.
New Criminal Laws
Modern Legal Advice
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